帽子顏色問題 - 拼圖
By Lily
at 2007-11-10T17:53
at 2007-11-10T17:53
Table of Contents
推 isnoneval:C_1 + ... + C_n (mod n) 恰有 n 種可能 11/10 13:16
→ isnoneval:所以第 k 個人要猜 k-(C_1+...+C_k-1+C_k+1+...+C_n) 11/10 13:18
推 puzzlez:樓上可否寫成白話文?^^" 11/10 13:53
這只是你的方法的推廣而已,重點就是去抓一個不變量。
假設有 n 人 n 色:
先把顏色編碼為 0, ..., n-1,並令 C_i 為第 i 個人帽子的顏色號碼。
現在讓第 i 個人猜 i - (C_1 + ... + C_{i-1} + C_{i+1} + ... + C_n) mod n,
這是可以做到的,因為他看得到除了 C_i 之外的所有顏色。
那麼第 i 個人猜對
<=> C_i = i - (C_1 + ... + C_{i-1} + C_{i+1} + ... + C_n) (mod n)
<=> C_1 + ... + C_n = i (mod n)
而 C_1 + ... + C_n = 1 (mod n)
C_1 + ... + C_n = 2 (mod n)
...
C_1 + ... + C_n = 0 (mod n) 之中恰有一項會成立,也就是恰有一人會猜中。
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