製作遊戲所需花費 - PS
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By Rebecca
at 2017-09-20T01:00
at 2017-09-20T01:00
Table of Contents
看看一人獨自開發超過20年的《Grimoire: Heralds of the Winged Exemplar》#1PXTohl0 (RealPlaying),和這個募得15,063元美金的《Songbringer》#1PaSGS0W (PlayStation),有些人感覺是用愛在作遊戲啊。
有趣的是有人覺得10,000元美金這個數字太多了,也有人覺得實際上可能更高,而訪談過遊戲產業從業人員的文章作者則是回覆說他提出的數字已經是低估值了。另外,也有人對在Kickstarter募資的獨立遊戲開發者常常低估自己的預算表示擔心。
----------
遊戲發行商(video game publishers)保密他們的遊戲預算並不是新聞,但當金額曝光,那數字往往讓人震驚,像是《決勝時刻》(Call of Duty)、《俠盜獵車手》(Grand Theft Auto)這些以數億美金製作的遊戲。以億元美金為單位的數字可能難以捉摸,但當你以算數學的方式來計算,或許就簡單許多。
在我(Jason Schreier)最近出版的《Blood, Sweat, and Pixels: The Triumphant, Turbulent Stories Behind How Video Games Are Made 》中,我詢問了很多遊戲開發者(developers),他們是如何估計預算的,就像我剛剛說的,少數的大型公司是保密的,並不會說出一個具體的數字;但所有的工作室(studios)都提供了一個相同的神奇數字(magical number):10,000元美金,更精確一點的說法是一個人一個月10,000元美金。
Obsidian Entertainment之《永恆之柱》(Pillars of Eternity)及其即將問世續作《永恆之柱II: 死亡之火》(Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire)的執行製作人(executive producer)Adam Brennecke表示10,000元美金是一個很好的估計值(ballpark number),工作室裡一個開發者的平均薪資,再加上開銷就差不多是10,000元美金,有些人的價碼可能更高,而這也通常就是他們向發行商報告預算(do budgets)的依據。
而當你在像是舊金山這種物價昂貴的城市(expensive city),則可能會比10,000元美金還高。此外,薪資、辦公室租金、保險、(有薪)病假、設備及其他任何花費都是在遊戲開發時會出現的帳目(accounts)。無論一個團隊拿到多大的資源,廣泛思考製作一個遊戲將花的錢是件好事。
那現在讓我們來算一下數學吧!
當你是個剛從Kickstarter募得一些資金的獨立工作室(indie studio),你想用一年半的時間作一個受到《地球冒險》啟發的16位元風格RPG,而你的團隊有一個設計師(designer)、一個程式設計師(programmer)、一個作曲家(musician)和兩個美術設計(artist):
5 * 18 * 10,000 = 900,000 元美金
嗯,希望你在募資時沒有設定其他額外目標(stretch goal)。
當你是個像Obsidian Entertainment、Double Fine Productions的中型團隊(mid-sized team),你想在主機(console)上做一個看起來不錯(look good),沒人期待裡面有多少多邊形(polygons)或高畫質圖像(highest-end graphics)的新遊戲。你的團隊需要40個人,並花大約2年的時間來製作:
40 * 24 * 10,000 = 9,600,000 元美金
別擔心,至少網路上的人會批評你把錢吃掉了(stealing money)。
當你是個大規模的發行商(massive publisher),且想做出與《碧血狂殺》(Red Dead Redemption)、《天命》(Destiny)匹敵的遊戲。為了符合粉絲期望的圖像忠實呈現(graphical fidelity),你需要至少400位員工,並給他們3年的製作時間:
400 * 36 * 10,000 = 144,000,000 元美金
喔!對了,上面這個數字是沒有考慮到必然的延期(inevitable delay),更別說行銷(marketing)了,那些CGI廣告也不是免費的。
且我可能還低估(lowball)了,許多大作(big games)的開發員工是跨多工作室的(across multiple studios),像是《天命2》(Destiny 2)或是《刺客教條: 起源》(Assassin’s Creed Origins)的開發人數是數以千計的,相應的,預算就是用一億四千四百萬元美金的倍數來算了。
這就是製作遊戲為什麼需要這麼多錢了。為什麼遊戲公司這麼不穩定(volatile)?為什麼像我(Jason Schreier)一樣的觀察者,會擔心現在遊戲產業如何繼續維持下去。
https://kotaku.com/why-video-games-cost-so-much-to-make-1818508211
--
有趣的是有人覺得10,000元美金這個數字太多了,也有人覺得實際上可能更高,而訪談過遊戲產業從業人員的文章作者則是回覆說他提出的數字已經是低估值了。另外,也有人對在Kickstarter募資的獨立遊戲開發者常常低估自己的預算表示擔心。
----------
遊戲發行商(video game publishers)保密他們的遊戲預算並不是新聞,但當金額曝光,那數字往往讓人震驚,像是《決勝時刻》(Call of Duty)、《俠盜獵車手》(Grand Theft Auto)這些以數億美金製作的遊戲。以億元美金為單位的數字可能難以捉摸,但當你以算數學的方式來計算,或許就簡單許多。
在我(Jason Schreier)最近出版的《Blood, Sweat, and Pixels: The Triumphant, Turbulent Stories Behind How Video Games Are Made 》中,我詢問了很多遊戲開發者(developers),他們是如何估計預算的,就像我剛剛說的,少數的大型公司是保密的,並不會說出一個具體的數字;但所有的工作室(studios)都提供了一個相同的神奇數字(magical number):10,000元美金,更精確一點的說法是一個人一個月10,000元美金。
Obsidian Entertainment之《永恆之柱》(Pillars of Eternity)及其即將問世續作《永恆之柱II: 死亡之火》(Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire)的執行製作人(executive producer)Adam Brennecke表示10,000元美金是一個很好的估計值(ballpark number),工作室裡一個開發者的平均薪資,再加上開銷就差不多是10,000元美金,有些人的價碼可能更高,而這也通常就是他們向發行商報告預算(do budgets)的依據。
而當你在像是舊金山這種物價昂貴的城市(expensive city),則可能會比10,000元美金還高。此外,薪資、辦公室租金、保險、(有薪)病假、設備及其他任何花費都是在遊戲開發時會出現的帳目(accounts)。無論一個團隊拿到多大的資源,廣泛思考製作一個遊戲將花的錢是件好事。
那現在讓我們來算一下數學吧!
當你是個剛從Kickstarter募得一些資金的獨立工作室(indie studio),你想用一年半的時間作一個受到《地球冒險》啟發的16位元風格RPG,而你的團隊有一個設計師(designer)、一個程式設計師(programmer)、一個作曲家(musician)和兩個美術設計(artist):
5 * 18 * 10,000 = 900,000 元美金
嗯,希望你在募資時沒有設定其他額外目標(stretch goal)。
當你是個像Obsidian Entertainment、Double Fine Productions的中型團隊(mid-sized team),你想在主機(console)上做一個看起來不錯(look good),沒人期待裡面有多少多邊形(polygons)或高畫質圖像(highest-end graphics)的新遊戲。你的團隊需要40個人,並花大約2年的時間來製作:
40 * 24 * 10,000 = 9,600,000 元美金
別擔心,至少網路上的人會批評你把錢吃掉了(stealing money)。
當你是個大規模的發行商(massive publisher),且想做出與《碧血狂殺》(Red Dead Redemption)、《天命》(Destiny)匹敵的遊戲。為了符合粉絲期望的圖像忠實呈現(graphical fidelity),你需要至少400位員工,並給他們3年的製作時間:
400 * 36 * 10,000 = 144,000,000 元美金
喔!對了,上面這個數字是沒有考慮到必然的延期(inevitable delay),更別說行銷(marketing)了,那些CGI廣告也不是免費的。
且我可能還低估(lowball)了,許多大作(big games)的開發員工是跨多工作室的(across multiple studios),像是《天命2》(Destiny 2)或是《刺客教條: 起源》(Assassin’s Creed Origins)的開發人數是數以千計的,相應的,預算就是用一億四千四百萬元美金的倍數來算了。
這就是製作遊戲為什麼需要這麼多錢了。為什麼遊戲公司這麼不穩定(volatile)?為什麼像我(Jason Schreier)一樣的觀察者,會擔心現在遊戲產業如何繼續維持下去。
https://kotaku.com/why-video-games-cost-so-much-to-make-1818508211
--
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at 2018-01-28T14:05
at 2018-01-28T14:05
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By Jack
at 2018-02-02T02:59
at 2018-02-02T02:59
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at 2018-02-06T18:58
at 2018-02-06T18:58
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By John
at 2018-02-09T07:16
at 2018-02-09T07:16
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at 2018-02-14T03:45
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at 2018-02-18T04:02
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at 2018-02-18T08:24
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at 2018-02-22T04:53
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at 2018-02-24T14:54
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